Hypothyroidism :- 

This is an endocrine disorder , it is called endocrine disorder because it affects thyroid gland and thyroid gland is endocrine gland .

Definition :-

 This is a condition in which there will be depletion of thyroid hormones in the body which may happen due to two main causes .

Causes :-

• Some defect in thyroid gland causing decreased secretion of thyroid hormones .
• Some defects in the pituitary gland causing decreased formation of thyroid hormones .
• Decreased salt intake 
• Malformation of thyroid and pituitary .
• Passing of antithyroid antibodies in the iul ( intra uterine life ) .
• This may also happen because of increased intake on antithyroid hormones .
• Excess use of radioiodine 
• Thyroidectomy 

NOTE : antithyroid drugs - are given to decrease the thyroid hormone secretion , this drug is                                                       used for hyperthroidism .

              Thyroidectomy - Means removal of thyroid gland ( fully or partially ) , which is usually                                                   done if the patient has thyroid cancer .

Types :-

 There are mainly two types of hypothroidism they are : 

1. Primary hypothyroidism / Thyroid hypothroidism :- 

•  This is a type of hypothroidism in which the affected organ is the thyroid gland .

      2. Secondary hypothyroidsm / Pituitary hypothyroidism :- 

• This is atype of hypothyroidism in which the affected organ is the pituitary gland .

Symptoms / Characteristics :-  

• Hair loss
• Weight gain
• Poor memory
• Cold intolerance 
• Weakness 
• Easily tired 
• Constipation
• Alopecia psycosis - If a person is having this than the chances of person being depressed will be  more .
• Menorrhagea - in females , painful menstruation .
• Galactorrhea - This is a milky discharge from breast , which is not related to lactation  or pregnancy .
• Infertility 

Diagnosis :- 

1. Primary hypothroidism  - can be diagnosed by checking the blood ( blood test ) , 

• The T3 and T4 levels are decrease  and the TSH levels are increased .

      2. Secondary hypothyroidism - can be diagnosed by blood test , 

• T3 and T4 levels decrease anf TSH levels also decrease in blood .

Treatment :- 

• Intake of iodine should be normalized 
• Stop taking antithyroid drugs
• Thyroid hormone replacement therapy to maintain the T3 levels in the blood .
• Using some medications ( orally taken ) to maintain the hormone level .

Hypothyroidism in children ( cretinism ) :- 

• Crtinism is a condition in the children suffering from hypothyroidism 

Symptoms :-

• Low IQ
• Short stature
• Diminished reproductive organs 
• Pot belly
• Protruded tongue 

Diet plan :-