PEPTIC ULCERS :- 

Definition:- Lesion in the mucosa of the stomach due to action of acids and certain enzymes is peptic ulcers.

Cause:- Some causes of peptic ukcers are:

• Incresed secreation of acids may be due to decrease in amount of prostaglandins and etc....
• Drinking of vinger directly by mistake causes abnormal decrease in ph of the stomach causing damage to the mucosal wall.
•   drinking of ethyl alcohol-(which is said to be a componant in fake and cheap alcohols, these fake alcohols cost  is less because they use ethyl alcohol instead of methyl alcohol).
• Overactivation of parietal cells due to eating of acidic or fatty foods causing increased acid secreation .
• Some harmful affects of ethyl alcohol are #head ache                                                                                     #drowsiness

                                                                            #nausea                                                                                                  #unconsioness & etc

• Prostaglandins are responsible to show controlling action on the enzymes released in the stomach, so decrease in prostaglandins causes peptic ulcers.
• most importantly life style matters, so the type of food one takes is an imp factor in causing peptic ulcers.
• spicy and oily foods are very dangerous category of food items which has a higher chances of causing petic ulcers.
  
  
  
• There is a bacteria named helicobacter pylori which binds to epithelial cells and cause peptic ulcers mainly.
• Blood group O+ve are more having increased risk of peptic ulcers(Clinical cause of it is not known yet , but we will try to know the cause of it soon) .

Symptoms:- 

• Appearance of dull pain in the chest or upper abdominal region.
• belching
• heart burn
• loss of weight 
• loss of apetite
• indigestion
• nausea 
• vominting
• abdominal discomfort
• increased amount of gas
• appearance of satiety sooner (means filling of the stomach sooner)
  
  
  

Treatment:-

• Most common treatment in using of proton pump inhibitor .
• Using of antacids is also a treatment mechanism.
  

   Mechanism of proton pump inhibitor:-

• This can be abbreviated as ppi which reduces the amount of acids from the stomach causing healing of the ulcer naturally.
• The drugs used are OMEPRAZOL , PRANTOPRAZOLE , IANSOPRAZOLE.